【 第1頁 第2頁 第3頁 】 | |
台灣專家:南海U-型線 要在法理上站住腳 | |
http://www.CRNTT.com 2014-08-13 00:36:55 |
何為海事公共疆域 兩岸中國通過U-型線對南海80%⑪或者90%的海域享有傳統上我們所理解的領土主權。〔不過,在此必須要先提醒讀者說國際regimes在那一片海域的運作將使我們所理解的例如(殘餘或者部分)領土主權在那個時間點靠邊站、不管用。〕其次,2010年7月,當時擔任美國國務卿的希拉里(Hillary Rodham Clinton)首次就亞洲提到海事公共疆域這個概念。雖然她並沒有明確地點出南海,但是我們都知道說她就是在講我們的固有之疆域(北京的用語為“我國傳統疆域線”或者“中國固有領土”)。 憑筆者的直接感覺,在U-型線內,部分的海域並非為內水、領海、毗連區和專屬經濟海域的總和。易言之,吾人可以把剩下的水域視為海事公共疆域。但是,在宣告之前,我們有必須要把這些海事公共疆域公司化,也就是交給一家兩岸四地的某一家私人跨國性公司來治理、經營。這表示說台灣與大陸的三軍加上後者的第二炮兵部隊要作為這家公司的後盾;如此,才能夠真正的鞏固中華民族的利益,為何要提軍事呢? 大家不要忘記說海事公共疆域這個概念包含有別於非使用武力regime(non-use of force regime)的使用武力regime(use of force regime)⑫這個軍事層面,基於以下的原因,例如具有正當性的防衛(legitimate defense);在海外國民之維護(protection of nationals abroad);報復(reprisals);人道的介入(humanitarian intervention);和公共秩序的執行(public order enforcement)⑬。如果就每一項能夠100%地運作,其結果就是共善(common good),也就是對大家(包含每個人)都有利! 須知,Clinton是有意思的先將南海公有化。之後,我們不排除說美國和其他的海上強權會成立一個南海的治理/管理機構(the Spratlys Governance/Management Authority),來治理和管理該片海域。與其讓外國人得逞,不如中方先下手為強。吾人必須要懂得運用外國人所創造的概念來將他們一軍。 註釋 ①Deputy national security adviser for strategic communication for U.S. President Barack H. Obama. ②The original words were : "Yeah. And we're not going to -we wouldn't speak for the governing authority in the Republic of China. I do think that the broader point is, whether it's Taiwan or any other claimant, we want to see this resolved consistent with international law. The U.S. is not a claimant, so we don't take a position on a particular claim by a particular country. What we want to reinforce is that there is a framework of international law that should allow for the peaceful resolution of these disputes through, again, diplomacy and legal channels, and not through any type of coercion," http://fpc.state.gov/225011.htm, accessed on May 15, 2014. ③http://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/201404220002-1.aspx, accessed on May 15, 2014. ④該州認為它擁有歷史性水域,故該群島屬於州政府的;但是,最高法院認定說"the burden of proof is 'rigorous'" regarding historic waters, 而且除非該州擁有"exceptionally strong" proof, 否則美國聯邦政府就拒絕承認. In an opinion delivered by Justice Anthony Kennedy, the Supreme Court unanimously concluded that the Alexander Archipelago waters were not inland waters and thus belonged to the American federal government. Mississippi Sound is another historic waters area which does not appear in the United Nations (UN) list. Alaska relies heavily on the Sound. See accessed on May 16, 2014. ⑤曾經為俄國人的殖民地,因為害怕英國人拿走,俄國人才以低價把它賣給了美國。 ⑥http://books.google.com.tw, accessed on May 16, 2014. ⑦引用自http://law.cssn.cn/fx/fx_gjfx/201310/t20131023_465370.shtml, accessed on May 16, 2014. ⑧Cited in Lowell B. Bautista, "Philippine Territorial Boundaries: Internal Tensions, Colonial Baggage, Ambivalent Conformity," Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol.16, Issue 1 (December 2011), p.36. ⑨See also Clive R. Symmons, Historic Waters in the Law of the Sea: A Modern Re-appraisal (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2008). ⑩此為吾師熊玠的翻譯。又參閱俞劍鴻,〈在南海的兩個層面:國際Regimse和海洋事務Commons〉,《空軍軍官雙月刊》,第173期,2012年12月,頁72-87。 ⑪越南人的算法。 ⑫Nicholas Tsagourias, "Necessity and the Use of Force: A Special Regime" in I. F. Dekker and E. Hey, eds., Netherlands Yearbook of International Law (T. M. C. Asser Press), Volume 41, 2010, pp.11-44. Articles 39, 42, and 51 are related to the use of force in the United Nations (UN) Charter. ⑬Tsagourias, ibid., p.14. |
【 第1頁 第2頁 第3頁 】 |